Glossary with audio assistance

sensory cells that receive information from the environment, in the form of a stimulus, and transfer this information to the brain or spinal cord as a nerve impulse

a gene which is only expressed in the phenotype when no dominant allele is present

a fast, automatic response to a stimulus

the pathway taken by an action potential leading to a reflex action

pertaining to the kidneys

the volume of air left in the lungs after the deepest possible expiration; the air that is always in the lungs

the ability to distinguish between two objects very close together; the higher the resolution of an image the greater the detail that can be seen

breathing; exchange of gases - oxygen and carbon dioxide

a decrease in pH of blood, ECF and CSF, due to hypoventilation and accumulation of hydrogen ions and carbon dioxide

an increase in pH of blood, ECF and CSF, due to hyperventilation and loss of hydrogen ions and carbon dioxide

the number of breaths in one minute

the conducting pathway of air in and out of the body, from the nose to the pulmonary alveoli

cellular organelle that is the site of protein synthesis

abnormal ossification during growth due to a deficiency of vitamin D

A micro-organism that requires other cells for growth but which uses oxygen and possesses a cell wall

system of membrane-bound tubes and sacs containing ribosomes that functions in the synthesis of proteins

animal in which the stomach is multi-chambered, the largest chamber of which is the rumen