Glossary with audio assistance


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G

Gamete

specialized germ cell. Either sperm or ovum. Contains the haploid (n) number of chromosomes.

Ganglion (pl.ganglia)

collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system


Gaseous exchange

the movement of gases between an organism and its environment; often takes place across a specialized surface, for example the alveoli of the lungs


Gastritis

Inflammation of the stomach


Gene

unit of inheritance. Short units of DNA which codes for a particular protein or polypeptide.

Genetic damage

harmful effects of X-rays which affect the genes of the reproductive cells

Genetics

the science of inheritance. Physical characteristics and abilities are largely determined by ‘genetic makeup’. In the 1860s, Mendel carried out studies which showed that each organism has physical traits which correspond to invisible elements within the cell.

Genotype

the genetic make-up of an animal


Geriatric

Elderly; the term is often used when an animal reaches or exceeds 75% of its expected lifespan


Gestation

the period of development of the young from fertilization to birth



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