Glossary with audio assistance

a test to measure the red blood cells as a percentage of the total volume of blood. Haematocrit is the calculated number, using an analyser, whereas packed cell volume (PCV) is derived from manual measurement.

formation of blood and blood cells

presence of blood in the urine

presence of haemoglobin in the urine

loss of blood

blood in the pleural cavity

part of the hair that is situated at the end of the follicle and produces the cells of the hair

bad breath

cell with half the number of chromosomes, and no pairs. These include the gametes (i.e. sperm and ova).

a single set of chromosomes (n) found in the nuclei of gametes, this is half the number of chromosomes found in the nuclei of all other eukaryotic cells

channel in the center of a Haversian system containing nerves, blood vessels and lymph vessels

a unit of bone structure in which the bone cells are arranged in concentric circles

pertaining to the liver

plant-eating animal

reflex pathway between pulmonary stretch receptors and the brain that prevents overinflation of the lungs

having two different alleles of a gene

the study of normal healthy tissues using a microscope

proteins that bind to DNA in eukaryotic cells

the maintenance of a constant internal environment

having two identical alleles of a gene

secretion produced by an endocrine gland and carried to its target organ by means of the blood

disease caused by excess adrenocortical hormones; also known as Cushing's disease

increased blood calcium level

increased carbon dioxide levels - end tidal and in the blood

increased blood glucose level

increased blood potassium level

increase in the depth of breathing

excessive or exaggerated reflex action

higher than normal blood pressure

higher than normal body temperature

disease caused by excess thyroid hormone in the blood

a fluid with a higher osmotic pressure than that with which it is compared (usually plasma)

has a higher concentration of solutes than blood plasma and causes water to be drawn out of the cells into the circulation

excessive rate and depth of ventilation

abnormal increase in blood volume

disease caused by insufficient adrenocortical hormones; also known as Addison's disease

decreased carbon dioxide levels - end tidal and in the blood

decreased blood glucose level

decreased plasma protein level in the blood

weaker than normal reflex action

lower than normal blood pressure

lower than normal body temperature

disease caused by a lack of thyroid hormone in the blood

a fluid with a lower osmotic pressure than that with which it is compared (usually plasma)

has a lower concentration of solutes than blood plasma and causes water to enter the cells

inadequate ventilation

abnormal decrease in blood volume

decreased level of oxygen in the blood

decreased level of oxygen in the body tissues