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B

Buffer solution

a solution which will maintain body pH due to the release or absorption of hydrogen ions to balance any loss or gain. Carbon dioxide only partially dissolves in solution, and this means that it can act as a buffer. If more hydrogen is present then it will be combined with bicarbonate and converted to water and carbon dioxide. Water will be lost through the kidneys and carbon dioxide will be lost in exhaled air. Alternatively, if metabolic alkalosis is present, then carbon dioxide will be combined with water and converted to bicarbonate and hydrogen ions, to maintain the pH.

C

Calculus

stone like deposits of mineral salts found in hollow organs or on the teeth. In the urethra they can result in blockage of the passage of urine.


Calling

persistent yowling exhibited by the female cat (queen) during the pro-oestrus period of the oestrous cycle


Canaliculus

a space containing a cytoplasmic process of an osteocyte in bone tissue, or a space between rows of cells in the liver along which bile flows


Capillary refill time

time taken for blood capillaries to refill after flow in them has been disrupted in some way


Carcinogenic

any agent or substance that can cause tumour formation and cancer


Cardiac

pertaining to the heart


Carnivore

meat-eating animal


Carrier

an individual who has a copy of a recessive gene that is not expressed because of heterozygosity, but the gene can be passed on to the next generation, alternatively, an individual, infected with a pathogen, but not showing any symptoms of disease.

Carriers

convalescent carrier: animal which has had a disease and recovered



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