examination using the hands to feel part of the body, for example the pulse in an artery or organs in the abdomen

decreased number of all white blood cells circulating in the blood

a small, solid bump that rises from the skin

between cells; paracellular transport is the route substances travel between cells 

part of the autonomic nervous system

an intermediate host where no development of the parasite occurs; the paratenic host is ingested by the final host for completion of the life cycle

route of administration other than gastrointestinal tract

nutrition that is given intravenously

the process of giving birth

movement of molecules down a concentration gradient without energy use

 the origin and development of disease

zone of unsharpness or blurring on a radiograph

part of the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord

waves of muscular contractions that occur in tubular structures to move contents forwards, e.g. food and other ingested material is moved along the gastrointestinal tract towards the anus. Peristalsis also occurs in the uterine tubes and the ureters.

teeth that develop in the jaw after the deciduous teeth have been shed, and remain for the whole lifetime

Cells have very limited capacity for regeneration and as such repair by replacement is the most likely response to injury.

literally, ‘per hydrogen’. pH refers to the acidity of a substance - one with a low pH has a high concentration of hydrogen ions and is acidic. One with a high pH has a low concentration of hydrogen ions and is alkaline.

ingestion of bacteria by cells such as neutrophils and monocytes

study of drugs, including their use, effects and mode of action

physical appearance of an animal

inflammation of a vein

a lipid that contains a phosphate group. Phospholipids are the main form of lipid in cell membranes.

The process by which green plants make carbohydrates such as sugar, using water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight

the process by which fluid is taken into the cell

the fluid part of blood that remains when a sample of blood is separated in a centrifuge

the membrane that surrounds a living cell; it consists of a double layer of phospholipids with embedded proteins

also called thrombocytes, these are small particles derived from megakaryocytes, found in plasma, that are involved in the clotting mechanism of blood

infection and inflammation of the lungs

air in the pleural cavity

excessive thirst and intake of fluid

excessive appetite and intake of food

a reflex that involves several intercalated neurons in the pathway

excessive excretion of urine

substance from which another is formed by chemical reaction

picking up or grasping food

a substance added to another to protect against spoilage during storage

the beam of X-rays which emerge from the tube head during an exposure

opening on the surface of the skin through which a single guard hair grows

a cell that does not possess a true nucleus, nor does it have many or any other cell organelles, e.g. bacteria and viruses

sensory cells that receive information about the position of limbs or the tension of muscles and tendons within the body

inflammation of the prostate gland

a large complex molecule made up of one or more chains of amino acids

presence of protein in the urine

a type of plasma protein, required for normal clotting of blood

eukaryotic single-celled organisms

itching

a type of grid where the lead strips are parallel to each other but are progressively shorter towards the edge of the grid

pertaining to the lungs

the number of times a pulse is felt in one minute; this should be the same as the heart rate

the presence of a pus-forming organism in the blood

pus in the pleural cavity